What is Repeated Subtraction?
Repeated subtraction is a useful way to introduce students to division. By using this method to solve division problems, students gain a deeper understanding of how to divide numbers into equal groups.
Author
Katie Wickliff
Published:
Oct 2024
Key takeaways
- • The repeated subtraction method helps students understand division as creating equal groups.
- • The repeated subtraction method can help students learn division because it asks them to perform a skill (subtraction) that they have already learned.
- • Repeated subtraction is one of several effective division strategies.
When your child is learning division, it helps to have several strategies to strengthen their understanding and boost their confidence. One effective introductory strategy is repeated subtraction. The repeated subtraction method provides students with a concrete way to see the relationship between division and subtraction.
This article outlines how to perform repeated subtraction to solve simple division problems. We also provide several examples, practice problems, and additional practice resources. Let’s get started!
Table of contents
What is Repeated Subtraction?
Repeated subtraction is a way to solve certain division problems in math. This method takes away the same number from a larger number until you reach zero— or a number smaller than the one being subtracted. The number of times you “jump back” is the answer to the division problem.
Division by Repeated Subtraction
Using the repeated subtraction method is helpful when introducing students to division because it allows them to use a familiar math skill to help solve a new type of problem. Students feel like they are building on their knowledge, rather than learning something completely unfamiliar.
Using the repeated subtraction process as a foundation can help students gain the confidence to tackle more complex division problems with varying strategies, such as short or long division.
Repeated Subtraction Examples
Let’s look at a few examples of division as repeated subtraction.
Example 1
16÷4= ?
To divide a number using repeated subtraction, start with the number you are dividing. This number is also called the dividend. In this example, that number is 16.
Then, subtract the number you are dividing by. This number is also called the divisor. In this example, that number is 4.
16-4= 12
There are more than 4 left, so we subtract again.
12-4=8
We still have more than 4 left, so we’ll subtract until we get to zero or a number smaller than four:
8-4=4
One last time:
4-4= 0
Now that we’ve reached zero, we count the number of times we subtracted 4 from 16. We subtracted 4 times, so our answer (or quotient) is 4.
16÷4=4
Example 2
Piper has 24 stickers. She gives an equal amount of stickers to 6 friends. How many stickers does each friend get?
To solve this division problem using repeated subtraction, we first look at the dividend. In this example, that number is 24.
Then, we repeatedly subtract the divisor until we reach zero or a number smaller than the divisor. In this example, that number is 6.
24-6=18
18-6=12
12-6=6
6-6=0
Now that we reached zero, we count the number of times we subtracted the divisor (6) from the dividend (24).
We subtracted the divisor 4 times.
24 ÷ 6= 4
Piper gave 6 friends 4 stickers apiece.
Practice Problems
Click on the boxes below to see the answers!
8-4=4
4-4=0
8÷ 4=2
John gave each friend 2 crayons.
20÷ 4=?
20-4=16
16-4=12
12-4=8
8-4=4
4-4=0
20 ÷ 4 = 5
16÷ 8=?
16-8=8
8-8=0
16÷ 8=2
Each soccer player gets 2 oranges.
21÷ 3=?
21-3=18
18-3=15
15-3=12
12-3=9
9-3=6
6-3=3
3-3=0
21÷ 3=7
There will be 7 relay teams altogether.
36÷ 9=?
36-9=27
27-9=18
18-9=9
9-9=0
36÷ 9=4
The quotient is 4.
FAQs about repeated subtraction
Repeated subtraction is a method students can use to solve some division problems. This method asks students to repeatedly subtract the divisor from the dividend until they reach zero or a lesser number.
Yes, division is repeated subtraction. Using repeated subtraction for division problems allows students to visualize how to break numbers down into equal groups.
An example of repeated subtraction is solving 12÷ 3 this way:
12-3=9
9-3=6
6-3=3
3-3=0
In this repeated subtraction example, 3 is subtracted 4 times, so the answer to 12÷ 3 is 4.
